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Tinnitus describes any abnormal sound heard in the ear. Tinnitus may be described as a high or low pitch, ringing, roaring, buzzing, humming, cricket-like, or pulsating, among various other descriptions. Tinnitus is most commonly caused by hearing loss, but may have multiple other causes - wax build-up,

The turbinates are shelves of tissue along the sides of the inside of the nose. They are responsible for humidifying inspired air and moisturizing the nose. They also sense the flow of air through the nose. Turbinates may be enlarged due to bony overgrowth or inflammation and swelling of the lining.

Vocal fold nodules are thickened areas of the vocal folds, akin to scar or callous, usually caused by trauma from vocal abuse or misuse. Care usually involves speech therapy to change the problem / causative vocative habits. Nodules may take a long time to resolve with speech therapy, but therapy is

Polyps of the vocal folds are usually benign and inflammatory in nature. A small percentage may represent cancer of the larynx. They are usually a result of exposure to an irritant (most commonly cigarette smoke). Treatment is primarily focused on avoidance or treatment of the triggers, and may include